Ποιος χρονολόγησε Claudia Cardinale;

Claude Joséphine Rose "Claudia" Cardinale (Italian: [ˈklaudja kardiˈnaːle]; 15 April 1938 – 23 September 2025) was an Italian Tunisian actress. Regarded as one of the leading figures of Italian cinema, alongside Sophia Loren and Gina Lollobrigida, she achieved international recognition during a career spanning more than six decades. Celebrated in the 1960s as "the most beautiful woman in the world" and widely considered a sex symbol of the era, Cardinale appeared in more than 175 films, primarily in Italy and France, across genres including comedy, drama, spaghetti westerns, and historical epics. She collaborated with acclaimed directors such as Federico Fellini, Sergio Leone, and Werner Herzog, and several of her films are regarded as significant works in the history of cinema. At the time of her death, she was one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of European cinema.

Born and raised in La Goulette, a municipality in Tunisia near Tunis, Cardinale won the "Most Beautiful Italian Girl in Tunisia" competition in 1957, the prize being a trip to Italy, which quickly led to film contracts, due above all to the involvement of producer Franco Cristaldi, who acted as her mentor for a number of years and later married her. After making her debut in a minor role with Egyptian star Omar Sharif in Goha (1958), Cardinale became one of the best-known actresses in Italy, with roles in films such as Rocco and His Brothers (1960), Girl with a Suitcase (1961), Cartouche (1962), The Leopard (1963) and Federico Fellini's 8½ (1963).

From 1963, Cardinale appeared in The Pink Panther opposite David Niven. She went on to appear in the Hollywood films Blindfold (1966), Lost Command (1966), The Professionals (1966), Don't Make Waves (1967) with Tony Curtis, The Hell with Heroes (1968), The Red Tent (1969), A Fine Pair (1968), The Salamander (1981), and the Sergio Leone Western Once Upon a Time in the West (1968), a joint U.S.–Italian production, in which she was praised for her role as a former prostitute opposite Jason Robards, Charles Bronson and Henry Fonda.

Jaded with Hollywood and not wanting to become a cliché, Cardinale returned to Italian and French cinema and garnered the David di Donatello for Best Actress award for her roles in The Day of the Owl (1968) and as a prostitute alongside Alberto Sordi in A Girl in Australia (1971). In 1974, Cardinale met director Pasquale Squitieri, who would become her partner. She frequently featured in his films, including Blood Brothers (1974), Father of the Godfathers (1978) and Claretta (1984), the last of which won her the Nastro d'Argento Award for Best Actress. In 1982, she starred in Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo as the love interest of Klaus Kinski, who raises the funds to buy a steamship in Peru. In 2010, Cardinale received the Best Actress Award at the 47th Antalya "Golden Orange" International Film Festival for her performance as an elderly Italian woman who takes in a young Turkish exchange student in Signora Enrica.

Over the years, Cardinale was outspoken about women's rights and became a UNESCO goodwill ambassador for the Defence of Women's Rights beginning in March 2000. In February 2011, the Los Angeles Times Magazine named Cardinale among the 50 most beautiful women in film history.

Marcello Mastroianni [marˈt͡ʃɛlːo mastroˈjanːi], né le 28 septembre 1924 à Fontana Liri (Latium) et mort le 19 décembre 1996 à Paris 6^e (Île-de-France), est un acteur italien.

Il est l'un des plus grands acteurs italiens de l'histoire du cinéma ainsi que l'un des plus connus et les plus appréciés à l'étranger à partir des années 1960, notamment pour ses rôles dans sept des films de Federico Fellini dont La dolce vita (1960) et Huit et demi (1963) ainsi que pour les douze films dans lesquels il a partagé la vedette avec Sophia Loren. Capable de jongler parfaitement entre les rôles dramatiques et comiques, il est généralement associé aux grands noms de la comédie à l'italienne que sont Alberto Sordi, Ugo Tognazzi, Vittorio Gassman et Nino Manfredi.

Contrairement à ses collègues italiens, Mastroianni a également joué dans plusieurs films français, dont le plus connu est La Grande Bouffe (1973) avec Philippe Noiret et son ami Michel Piccoli. Dans ces années-là, il a également entretenu une liaison avec Catherine Deneuve, ce qui a considérablement accru sa notoriété en France.

Il a été nommé trois fois pour l'Oscar du meilleur acteur, pour Divorce à l'italienne (1961), pour Une journée particulière (1977) et pour Les Yeux noirs (1987). Il a remporté de nombreux prix majeurs : deux Golden Globes, deux BAFTA, huit David di Donatello, huit Rubans d'argent, cinq Globi d'oro et un Ciak d'oro. Avec Jack Lemmon et Dean Stockwell, il est l'un des trois acteurs à avoir remporté à deux reprises le Prix d'interprétation masculine au festival de Cannes, en 1970 pour Drame de la jalousie et en 1987 pour Les Yeux noirs de Nikita Mikhalkov. Il a remporté deux fois la Coppa Volpi à la Mostra de Venise pour Quelle heure est-il d'Ettore Scola et Un, deux, trois, soleil de Bertrand Blier. En 1990, il a reçu le Lion d'or pour l'ensemble de sa carrière et en 1993, un César d'honneur.

Pasquale Squitieri (27 November 1938 – 18 February 2017) was an Italian film director and screenwriter.