Ποιος χρονολόγησε Louis XIV of France;

Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715) was King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. He is a symbol of the Age of Absolutism in Europe for styling himself as "The Sun King" (Le Roi Soleil) and "Louis the Great", which portrayed him as supreme leader. He presided over a great expansion of the French colonial empire and a patronage of arts in his court at the Palace of Versailles that defined the Baroque style of French architecture. His reign of 72 years and 110 days remains the longest of any sovereign monarch in history.

Louis XIV began his personal rule of France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister Cardinal Mazarin. A believer in the divine right of kings, Louis XIV continued Louis XIII's work of creating a centralized state governed from a capital. Louis XIV sought to eliminate the remnants of feudalism persisting in parts of France by compelling many members of the nobility to reside at his lavish Palace of Versailles. In doing so, he succeeded in pacifying the aristocracy, many of whom had participated in the Fronde rebellions during his minority. He consolidated a system of absolute monarchy in France that endured until the French Revolution. Louis XIV enforced uniformity of religion under the Catholic Church. His revocation of the Edict of Nantes abolished the rights of the Huguenot Protestant minority and subjected them to a wave of dragonnades, effectively forcing Huguenots to emigrate or convert, virtually destroying the French Protestant community.

During Louis' long reign, France emerged as the leading European power and regularly made war. A conflict with Spain marked his entire childhood, while during his personal rule, Louis fought three major continental conflicts, each against powerful foreign alliances: the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In addition, France contested shorter wars such as the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions. Warfare defined Louis's foreign policy, impelled by his personal ambition for glory and power: "a mix of commerce, revenge, and pique". His wars strained France's resources to the utmost, while in peacetime he concentrated on preparing for the next war. He taught his diplomats that their job was to create tactical and strategic advantages for the French military. Upon his death in 1715, Louis XIV left his great-grandson and successor, Louis XV, a powerful but war-weary kingdom, in major debt after the War of the Spanish Succession that had raged on since 1701.

Some of his other notable achievements include the construction of the 240 km (150 mi) Canal du Midi in Southern France, the patronage of artists (the playwrights Molière, Racine, the man of letters Boileau, the composer and dancer Lully, the painter Le Brun and the landscape architect Le Nôtre, all contributed to the apogee of French classicism, described during his lifetime as the "Grand Siècle", or even "the century of Louis XIV"), and the founding of the French Academy of Sciences.

Françoise Thérèse de Voyer de Dorée, known as Mademoiselle de Dorée (fl. 1712) was a French courtier. She is known for her affair with Louis XIV in 1681.

Dorée was born to René de Voyer, Segnieur de Dorée, Comte de Dorée, a member of the Royal Council, and Diane-Marie Joubert (d. 1683), one of the deputy governesses of the children of the king and Madame de Montespan.

Dorée was the unofficial lover of king Louis XIV in 1681; it was a temporary affair after the death of Marie Angélique de Scorailles. The affair caused a scandal at court and it was rumoured that Madame de Montespan had arranged it to disturb the relationship between the king and Madame de Maintenon. The affair was temporary and ended quickly, and it was said that Madame de Maintenon asked the king to promise afterward that he would no longer sin in the future.

Dorée served as maid of honour to the king's daughter the Duchess of Bourbon between 1685 and 1686. She was banished to a convent in 1686. She was reportedly the mistress of Louis, comte de Cominges, in 1689. She was noted to have been an heir of the will of Cominges upon his death in 1712.

Marie-Antoinette de Rouvroy, comtesse d'Oisy, även känd som Mademoiselle de Rouvroy, född 1660, död efter 1721, var en fransk aristokrat. Hon var mätress till kung Ludvig XIV av Frankrike under år 1681.

Hon var dotter till Pierre de Rouvroy, seigneur de Puys (1617-1674) och Ursule de Gontery (1623-1685).

Hon var hovfröken till kungens svägerska Elisabeth Charlotte av Pfalz mellan 1690 och 1694. Hon avslutade sin anställning när hon gifte sig med Jean -Eustache de Tournay d'Assignies, greve av Oisy (d. 1716). Hon nämns 1721, då regenten fortsatt utbetalade hennes hovpension.

Hon beskrivs i Saint-Simons memoarer.

Catherine-Henriette Bellier, baronesa de Beauvais (1614-1690), fue una cortesana francesa, conocida por haber sido la primera amante del rey Luis XIV de Francia.

Marie-Elisabeth Isabelle de Ludres, genannt La belle Isabelle oder auch La belle chanoinesse de Poussay, (* 1647 in Ludres; † 28. Januar 1726 in Nancy) war Ehrendame am Königshof und Mätresse des französischen Königs Ludwig XIV.

Bonne de Pons d'Heudicourt (1641 – 24 January 1709), was a French courtier, known as the royal mistress of Louis XIV of France. She was known as La Grande Louve ('Grand She-Wolf') after her husband, who was the king's official Master of the Wolf Hunt.

Anna Maria "Marie" Mancini, Princess of Paliano (28 August 1639 – 8 May 1715) was the third of the five Mancini sisters, nieces to Cardinal Mazarin who were brought to France to marry advantageously. Along with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, the Mancini sisters were known at the court of King Louis XIV as the Mazarinettes. Marie is an ancestor of King Philippe of the Belgians through his mother Queen Paola.

Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours (6 August 1644 – 6 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the mistress of Louis XIV from 1661 to 1667.

La Vallière joined the royal court in 1661 as maid-of-honour to Henrietta of England. She soon became Louis XIV's mistress. Two of her four children by the King, Marie-Anne, Mademoiselle de Blois (princess of Conti by marriage) and Louis, Count of Vermandois survived infancy and were legitimised. She was an important participant in the court's intellectual life, interested in the arts, literature, and philosophy.

In 1666, she was replaced as mistress by Madame de Montespan; she was created a suo jure duchess and invested with lands. After an illness in 1670, La Vallière turned to religion and wrote a popular devotional book. In 1674, she entered a Carmelite convent in Paris where she died in 1710.

Catherine Charlotte de Gramont (French pronunciation: [katʁin ʃaʁlɔt də ɡʁamɔ̃]; 1639 - 4 June 1678) was Princess of Monaco from 1662 to 1678 as the consort of Prince Louis I, and was once a mistress of Louis XIV of France in 1666.

Marie-Rosalie de Piennes, marquise de Châtillon, född 1665, död 1735, var en fransk hovdam. Hon var mätress till kung Ludvig XIV av Frankrike under år 1682.

Hon var dotter till Antoine de Brouilly, marquis de Piennes (1611-1676) och Françoise Godet (1630-1678). Hon gifte sig 1685 med Alexis-Henri, marquis de Châtillon (1650-1737). Hon separerade från sin make 1693.

Hon var dame d’atours åt kungens svägerska mellan 1689 och 1706. Hon gick i pension på egen begäran 1735.

Claude de Vin, Mademoiselle des Œillets styled and known as Mademoiselle des Œillets (French: [dɛz‿œjɛ]; 1637 in Provence – 18 May 1687 in Paris), was a mistress of King Louis XIV of France and the companion of the official royal mistress and favourite Madame de Montespan. She was known for her involvement in the famous Affair of the Poisons (1679–1680).

Daughter of the actors Nicolas de Vin and Louise Faviot.

She became the trusted lady's companion of Montespan before 1669. During the Affair of the Poisons, she was said to have made more than fifty visits to the poisoners. she was pointed out as the replacement of Montespan in the black masses. She was protected from any persecution by the monarch and his minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, but the affair implicated Montespan and ruined the latter's relationship with the king.

Madamoiselle des Œillets retired from court in 1678 to a comfortable life in her Paris residence and country estate, the Château de Suisnes until her death.

1. She had a child by the king, Louise de Maisonblanche (17 June 1676 – 12 September 1718), later "Baroness of La Queue" by marriage. The king never recognised her as his daughter.

Julie de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Châteaubriant (1668–1710 or 1723) was a French aristocrat. She had a reputed affair with king Louis XIV in 1683, and have been called the last mistress of Louis XIV.

Anne de Rohan-Chabot, Princess of Soubise (Anne Julie; 1648 – 4 February 1709) was a French noble. A member of the House of Rohan, she was wife of the Prince of Soubise. It was she who brought the lordship of Soubise into the junior line of the House of Rohan. She was for some time the mistress of Louis XIV. She was sometimes called Madame de Frontenay due to being the Dame of Frontenay.

Marie Madeleine Agnès de Gontaut (1653–1720) was a French aristocrat.

Anne-Madeleine de Conty d'Argencourt est née en 1637, baptisée le 20 septembre 1641 à Montpellier et morte le 8 janvier 1718. Elle est l'une des maîtresses de Louis XIV.

Elle lègue à sa mort son immeuble à Montpellier à l'Œuvre des Sœurs de la Miséricorde, dont elle était membre.

Η Μαρία Αγγελική του Φοντάζ (Ιούλιος 1661 - 28 Ιουνίου 1681) ήταν γαλλίδα ευγενής και μία από τις πολλές ερωμένες του Λουδοβίκου ΙΔ΄. Μια κυρία επί των τιμών της νύφης του, Ελισάβετ Καρλόττα του Παλατινάτου τράβηξε την προσοχή του Βασιλιά και ξεκίνησε μια σχέση μαζί του το 1679. Πέθανε δύο χρόνια αργότερα, πιθανότατα από επιπλοκές κατά τη διάρκεια του τοκετού.

Olimpia Mancini, condesa de Soissons (11 de julio de 1638-9 de octubre de 1708), fue la segunda de las cinco famosas hermanas Mancini, quienes junto con dos de sus primas Martinozzi fueron conocidas en la corte de Luis XIV como las Mazarinettes, debido a que su tío, el cardenal Mazarino, era primer ministro del rey. Olimpia se vio envuelta en varias intrigas en la corte, incluyendo el conocido como asunto de los venenos, que provocó su expulsión de Francia.

Η Φρανσουάζ-Ατεναΐς ντε Ροσσουάρ ντε Μορτεμάρ, Μαρκησία του Μοντεσπάν (γαλλ. Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Marquise of Montespan, 5 Οκτωβρίου 1640 - 27 Μαΐου 1707) ήταν έντιτλη ερωμένη του Λουδοβίκου ΙΔ΄ της Γαλλίας (1667-1681). Καταγόταν από μια από τις πιο ευγενείς οικογένειες της Γαλλίας.